
Welcome to EV's point and figures. This blog is dedicated to the use of point and figure charts in technical analysis.
Although P&F first appeared in charts in the 1930's, it is an often overlooked techique for analysing stocks and charts. A poor relation compared to line and bar charts and their range of momentum indicators. Yet few charts provide a clearer picture of the daily battle between bulls and bears for market control.
Like most methods, it should not be used in isolation. It should form part of an analysts 'tool box' and be used with other techniques to help form an overall view.
The charts that appear on this blog and any accompanying comments are purely for information purposes only - my own personal take on where the prices may be heading. They do not constitute investment advice.
Friday, December 31, 2010
FTSE 100: vertical drop at the close

Thursday, December 23, 2010
SPX 10x3 (big picture)
This 10x3 closing chart goes back to 2007. I have circled the 5 strongest columns of 'up' X's since the March 2009 low. Stripping out short term noise as a 10x3 chart would, this shows periods where the market rose uninterruptedly before experiencing a three box reversal.We have had five columns where the index has risen by between 130 and 170 points before reversing to the downside, starting with that 15 box revesal from March 2009. What has been both notable (and impressive) about the most recent column is that at 17 boxes, it is the largest of the five - even stronger than the recovery off the 09 low. And impressive that it has taken place almost 2 years in to the market recovery.
The last two large columns of X's (15 boxes through to April 10) and 17 boxes (to Nov) have given activated targets to the upside of 1,500, bringing the possibility of an encounter with the 07 all time high. Remember, these targets are not always achieved but that is what the chart is currently saying! We may see a bit of resistance around the 1,270 level, a target given by a previous column of X's back in August 09! Useless for trading but quite handy for giving 'big picture' perspective.
Tuesday, December 21, 2010
FTSE 100 - all targets pointing higher

This is a 50x3 closing chart, based on yesterday's close and giving the 'big picture' from the 2007 peak. What previously looked like a forming double top pattern is now looking more bullish. The FTSE is currently at around 5,942 and if it can close above 5,950 or 6,000 and hold this level, that 7,250 target will become activated (the 6,500 target is already active).For the bears, while the previous high in April has already been filled and there has clearly been resistance around this level, first in April and more recently in November. You can also have double top patterns without them being 'perfect' double tops but clearly to push the bearish case, we would need to see the FTSE consolidate at or below the current 5,850 box, them move lower in the New Year, which is still possible.
For now though the bulls have the ball and are advancing up the field. There are no obvious active downside targets. We therefore can't rule out a possible assault on the 2007 high. Maybe that is where we will see the 'true' double top.
Thursday, December 9, 2010
Oil - heading higher
It may be a bit early to predict that oil will get back to those highs of 2008 but the short term picture is quite bullish. We now have a (blue) bullish support line, reversals to the upside taking out the previous highs and note too that the recent upward move has pushed oil above the previous resistance in April (circled in the chart).Activated targets to the upside of $104 and $105.
Wednesday, December 8, 2010
US 10 year yield - onwards, upwards..
Friday, December 3, 2010
Transocean (RIG)
Thursday, December 2, 2010
FTSE 100 - update
A swift 200 point reversal in the last 2 days has wrecked the double bottom sell signal - bummer! The 5,050 price objective is no more. No obvious targets in either direction from here -will have to see how things pan out over the next few days, specifically the Irish Goverment's vote on its austerity budget on 7th Dec.Tuesday, November 30, 2010
FTSE 100 - double bottom sell signal
Still plenty of scope for this to reverse and lapse but reading the chart today, this is what it is suggesting.
Thursday, November 25, 2010
FTSE 100 - looking double-toppish
There will be no 3 box reversal to the upside today because the FTSE looks set to close about 50 or so points higher (currently 5,705). Stockcharts target to the downside is not active because its based on the current column of 0's from the recent high. A continuation of this straight down would make for a nice double-top pattern but is in no way a given.Happy Thankgiving from ''Ellan Vannin''!!
Monday, November 15, 2010
TNX
Thursday, November 11, 2010
Cisco
This was at yesterday's close, pre-announcement.The bearish price objective of $11.5 remains active but given the recent bullish action (prior to last night's results), i'd like to see the price back below $19.5, ie filling that $19.5 box and making a lower low.
Assuming the current column of X's reverses today (and it only requires a move to the downside of $1.5 to do so), there will be an unactivated upside price target of $32. A move above $25 from the next column of X's (if it occurs) will activate that target.
Wednesday, November 10, 2010
US 30 yr Tres Yield
This is the 0.025x3 closing P&F on the 30 yr Tres yield. See that the old bearish resistance line (red) has now been breached and we have bullish support (blue). That's bullish for the yield, bearish for the price!An activated upside target of 4.58% equates to a price of approx $88.60, given the bond's modified duration of 16.57. Currrent price is $96.07, so that's a fall of 7%.
This chart could easily be quashed by some wayward QE but for now these targets are in play.
Friday, November 5, 2010
Banks update
Goldmans is obviously busy doing God's work again. The forming triangle pattern failed and there has been a clear break to the upside. Both those targets are active and I have no meaningful targets to the downside at this time.
BAC on the other hand continues to show the signs of a bank teetering on the edge. This is a 0.5x3 closing P&F - no signs of a reversal to the upside at present (may show in the 0.25x3 but need to check).
This 0.25x3 closing chart on Citigroup is a bit muddled. Going back to last year it can be seen that there was clear resistance at $4 which finally got taken out at the fourth attempt by the bulls but since then there has been further resistance at $5 and the shares have since stayed in a range between $3.25 and $4.75. That most recent upside target of $9.5 is as yet unactivated. Would need to see a close above $5.25 to make it active.
Can't really make a call either way on JPM at the moment although suffice to say the shares have had a strong move to the upside in recent weeks. We need to see the current column of X's reverse before being able to give an unactivated upside target. To the downside, those price objectives of $32.75 and $31.25 remain in play.
BKX often gets a mention. Short term support currently at 45.5. This index has clearly lagged the broader market -will it be the party pooper that eventually joins the party? A move above 48.5 would certainly give it a chance.
And this weekly bullish percent index on the SPX Financials Sector is quite revealing. It shows the percent of stocks in the sector giving a new P&F 'buy' signal. Broader market near or at 2 year high? This sector showing 'only' 54% of stocks giving a new P&F buy signal? The recent action suggests it could move higher but definitely worth keeping an eye on.Wednesday, October 27, 2010
The NYSE Bullish Percent Index
Dorsey notes that market indices hide reality. Moves in a small number of stocks can drive the index higher. The bullish percent index assesses risk in the market, not performance.It's a compilation of the percentage of (net) stocks on NYSE (1,831 at 26.10.2010) showing their first point and figure buy signal. Calculated weekly, each box represents 2% and the vertical axis runs from 0% to 100%.
If there are 1,831 stocks in the index and say 920 on P&F buy signals, the bullish percent is 50%. It only records the FIRST buy signal, all subsequent buy signals are not counted.
If the index had 100 stocks and over the next week 12 stocks experience a new buy signal and 10 stocks experience a new sell signal, that net 2% increase would fill an X box in a rising column of X's. In other words a 2% net change allows the chart to rise by one box.
Using the same 3 box reversal technique as for normal P&F's to shift columns in the index takes a (3x2%) 6% net buy/sell signal to cause a reversal and vice versa. As a rule of thumb, areas above 70% and below 30% are the extremes. Above 70% is over bought and below 30% is over sold.
'The names Bond....falling 30 year Bond'
The yield on the 30 year bottomed at 3.55% on this chart in Aug/Sep and since then has been creeping up. The initial target of 39.25 (3.925%?) was met and we also have another active target to the upside of 4.225%. I've ignored the column of X's to the right of that target as the column of 0's next to it fell below the base of the X column at 37. The last column of X's which recently reversed in to that column of 3 0's has given an unactivated upside target of 46.25 (ie 4.625%)For that to become active, we need to see the yield move above that red horizontal line, filling the 40 box and remaining above that level. What has this move in yield done to the price?
Well here's the answer. The price got as high as $136, so the activated target of $137 in July was pretty close. But it was unable to move higher and since then it has fallen by about 4.4%. The first active downside target of $130, given by the column of four 0's off the top is close to being met. But unlike the yield chart, we already have active targets to the downside with double bottoms and lower tops - that's the modified duration! You'll see the current column of 0's has just filled the box below the previous column of 0's, activating that target of $122, which would be 10.2% decline from the top. Tuesday, October 26, 2010
FTSE 100: 15 minute 5x3
Friday, October 22, 2010
Petrobras (PBR): triple bottom sell signal
S&P/TSX Mining Index - digging its way......higher!
Mining stocks led the recovery in stock markets - that was certainly the case with the FTSE 100 anyway. This index only tracks companies listed for at least 12 months on TSX, NYSE, NASDAQ.Its interesting to compare this bigger picture with that of the Wilshire and Dow as I did yesterday. Some might argue that 'its all gold' and the of the 107 companies in this index 36 are indeed gold miners but their weighting is small - 17.7%. Diversified metals and mining is the largest weight -39 companies, 59.7% of the index.
Interesting to note that this index did not have an April 2010 high - it didn't have a March 09 low either, having reached its low in the back end of 08. It's recovery high came in Jan, three months before the mainstream equity Indices. It also looked like it was going to roll over perfectly until very recently but has now taken out the Jan high and (for now at least) appears to be well on its way to a rendezvous with its previous peak in May 2008.
Thursday, October 21, 2010
Wilshire 5000; similar perspective
There has been some distribution recently on the 25x3 closing chart above, and we also have an unactivated downside target of 11,950. The current column of X's will need to reverse in to a new column of O's and move below 12,275 for this to become active. The three price objectives to the upside are all active. But remember these targets are for guidance, they do not always get met. Even here, although 325 points away, it has the 'look' of a double top.
Again, here is a bigger picture, 100x3 chart, showing the high of 2007 in the top left corner. The April 2010 high is of course the highest level the market reached from the 2009 bottom, before reversing. There is still an active downside target of 9,500 and an active target to the upside of 13,800. The horizontal red lines could form resistance levels showing previous highs before the market reversed (should also be one at the 13,300 level).
Dow perspectives: the double top case

Dow distribution? SPX about to?
P&F charts are great at showing the daily battle between bulls and bears. Bulls have won the latest battle by a mile, as they did in April. The point is though, when markets get to certain levels, the bears come back in to the fray, as the bulls do when they fall to a certain level.Back in April, the markets topped out progressively over a four to five week period, ie they distributed through April before the flash crash in May. This (25x3 closing) chart of the Dow shows that the bulls recent charge has been halted (for the time at least) by the bears entering the fray. If we get the sort of distribution pattern we had in April, it could last for 4-5 weeks, which would take us in to November before the battle ends, one way or the other. Could the mid term elections be a determining factor? We'll have to wait and see. But we need to see an impasse between bulls and bears over a couple more weeks. That may give those of a bearish disposition more encouragement that the bulls power is waning.
For the bulls, the markets are clearly showing a bullish bias at this time and that last column of X's has given an unactivated upside target of 11,825. A decisive move higher will bring this target in to play, above 11,150 and certainly above the previous high at 11,200.
The SPX is still playing catch up but again we have seen some sellers come back in, perhaps people who bought in April, have seen their paper losses narrow and are now cutting losses and heading for the sidelines. That said, for now at least all the active targets remain to the upside - a decisive move above 1,185/1,187 will stamp the bulls authority on this market. Friday, October 15, 2010
Goldman Sachs - triangle wrecker!
This was the picture on 7th October, a nice potential triangle formation....
And here we are now. That pop to $155 has ruined my triangle and has also given a double top buy signal, having taken out the high of the previous column of X's at $152.5. Wednesday, October 13, 2010
FTSE 100 - hail to the bulls!
Now it may well not last and clearly these P&F charts don't show momentum indicators which will show how over-extended this and other indices are, but that aside there can be no denying that this rally, QE juiced or not has been impressive. Tuesday, October 12, 2010
Intel
Intel's 0.5x3 closing P&F. The current picture remains bearish, with an activated downside target of $13. Bullish support line is in place at the $16 level. To the upside, that $36 target (post the huge rally from $12-$20 from last year) is still in tact. NYSE High/lows

The chart above shows the number of new stocks reaching a new 52 week high relative to the number falling to a new 52 week low.
Monday, October 11, 2010
Hang Seng: looking good but...
This is the 250x3 closing P&F on HSI. This (I think) is a 'diagonalised triple top' ie, not a pure triple top like the signal the Shanghai Index has given but two double top buy signals with a rising bottom (just to say the P&F language for double and triple tops is slightly different to that in candle and bar charts). Here a 'double top buy signal' is where one column of X's moves higher than the previous column. You can however (as with candle and bar charts) have double tops where the index gets to a previous high then moves back. The Dow is an example of an index where the P&F is moving up towards a double top)Normally rising bottoms and rising tops is pretty bullish, but notice the black circle. We had this last year, then the market got to 22,750 and looked like it was going to roll over beautifully through H1 2010, only to confound the bears and move higher.
We are now back at that 22,750 level of previous resistance. A move to 23,250 (filling the 23,000 box) would (on balance) look pretty supportative of those activated upside targets. But can it punch through this resistance?
Shanghai (could) Surprise (to the upside)!

Dow Jones: moment of truth approaching
I would not normally go with 25 points on the Dow, as it's quite noisy in the context of an index worth 11,000 points. Ordinarily, a 50 point box size being the norm but the 25 pointer does work quite well here give a clear indication as to just how much power the bulls have had in the last 5 weeks.
It can be seen that from the support at 10,000, we had a strong reversal upwards, 16 boxes with a total value of (16x25) 1,200 points. We then had a 3 box (75 point) reversal, at which point the previous column of X's gave an unactivated upside target of 11,225 (ie 25x16x3 = 1200 plus 10,025). When the column of 0's reversed and the next column of X's passed through 10,450, that target became active.
Interestingly, this column of X's also ran to 16 boxes, or 1,200. We then had another three point reversal, and another unactivated upside target of 11,500. That became active when the column of 7 X's passed through 10,775.
And when that column of 7 X's reversed, we had an unactivated target of 11,200, which was activated by the current column of X's, passing through 10,875.
The points to conclude from this are the target given by the first column of X's from the base at 10,000 (ie 11.225) is getting very close. The column of 7 X's gives a similar target of 11,200. It all points to a double top rendezvous at the April high of 11,200, which is of course only 1.8% higher than where we are now. We will know very soon whether this short term bull has legs!
And one final point from Joe Granville, who was the father (!) of on balance volume. He says in his 'market letter' today of the Dow (quote):''I'm most concerned with the Dow racing toward a widely non-confirmed double top with new stock highs sharply below the April 674 number (EV:that's the number of new highs in the broader market). This is bearish proof that most stocks are not following the Dow. ..We see the Dow knocking on the door of an approaching Double top with a far weaker current background'' (EV: than in April).
Friday, October 8, 2010
US Banks - the party poopers!
The (Investment) banks that got bailed by the Fed not so long ago have been the party poopers of this latest market rally and is that a possible warning sign? Would they rather be somewhere else? Guess we'll soon find out.
Let's start with Goldman (2.5x3 close). Still caught in its triangle formation, can't break out up or down. It will resolve soon. Unactivated upside target of $200 required a close above $155, filling the $157.5 box. To the downside, there is an unactivated target of $102.5, requiring the price to fall below $135 to activate. All eyes on Q3 earnings and outlook i'd suggest!!

Bank of America, currently looking like a bit of a wreck to me. Granted, the rally off the bottom in 09 has been impressive but this has been steroids assisted and the chart appears to be rolling over with the bears back in control for now. If you 'flipped' this chart, you might be thinking 'double top' So i'm thinking a potential double bottom back down towards that target of $4, which is now active (remember where you first heard it!!)

CitiGroup, still looks like a dead man walking. Keen observers will also see one of the most obvious flaws of daily closing P&F charts. The conventional price targeting would give Citi a downside target of $0 based on that last column of 14 0's down!! For a stock at this level you'd really need to look at hourly charts, with a box size of an eighth or quarter perhaps.

And finally it's interesting to note that JPM, has probably been the one out of all four to have donned its party rags, joined in the recent fun and not pooped as much as the others. Currently stuck in a $5 range between $36 and $41 (the support at $36 twice is clear for all to see) but that $5 to the upside from $36 did provide a tidy gain of 13%. So this $36 level is clearly important and needs to be taken out to get that downside target of $25 active.
Given the way the US markets rallied in September will it be a case of these banks joining the party just as everyone is leaving, or were they themselves the first to leave in a bad mood, sensing the party was about to end in dramatic fashion?? Or will the Fed's punchbowl keep everyone in an inebriated state of elevation through to Christmas?











